Greek cuisine has a long and rich history that stretches back thousands of years. The country’s ancient civilization, as well as its geographic location and climate, have all played a role in shaping its culinary traditions.
In ancient Greece, the diet was primarily based on grain, vegetables, and fruit, with small amounts of fish and meat. The Greeks also had a strong tradition of cheesemaking and produced a variety of different types of cheese, such as feta and mizithra. They also enjoyed a wide range of sweets and pastries made with honey, nuts, and fruits.
During the Byzantine Empire, Greek cuisine was influenced by the cooking styles of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. Spices and herbs, such as cinnamon, nutmeg, and mint, became more commonly used in cooking.
In the centuries that followed, Greece was ruled by a succession of different empires, including the Venetians and the Ottomans, and each of these occupiers left their mark on Greek cuisine. The influence of the Ottoman Empire is particularly evident in the use of ingredients such as phyllo pastry, yogurt, and eggplant, as well as in dishes like moussaka and dolmades (stuffed grape leaves).
In recent times, Greek cuisine has been heavily influenced by Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisine, which can be seen in the use of ingredients such as olive oil, lemon, and herbs, and in dishes like tzatziki (yogurt and cucumber dip), keftedes (meatballs), and dolmades. Greek cuisine is also known for its emphasis on fresh ingredients and simple, flavorful preparations.
National Dishes of Greece
Greek cuisine is known for its use of fresh ingredients, rich flavors, and unique combinations of herbs and spices. Some of the most popular and well-known national dishes of Greece include:
Moussaka: This layered dish is typically made with eggplant, ground meat (usually lamb or beef), and a béchamel sauce. The ingredients are layered in a baking dish and then baked until golden brown and bubbly.
Souvlaki: This dish is often referred to as Greek “fast food.” It consists of small pieces of meat (usually pork, chicken, or lamb) that are marinated in a mixture of herbs and spices, then grilled and served on skewers. Souvlaki can be eaten on its own, or wrapped in a pita with tomatoes, onions, and tzatziki (a yogurt-based sauce).
Gyros: Similar to souvlaki, gyros are made with meat that is marinated and grilled, but they are typically served wrapped in a pita with tomatoes, onions, and tzatziki. Gyros can be made with pork, chicken, or beef, but lamb is also commonly used.
Dolmades: These are grape leaves that are stuffed with a mixture of rice, herbs, and sometimes ground meat. They are usually served as an appetizer or side dish, and are often accompanied by a yogurt or tzatziki sauce.
Spanakopita: This is a savory pastry made with spinach and feta cheese, encased in phyllo dough. The dish is typically cut into squares or triangles, and is often served as an appetizer or snack.
Tzatziki: a delicious dip made from yogurt, cucumbers, olive oil and garlic, it’s commonly used as a dip, condiment or even as a base for some dishes.
Greek Salad: Known as horiatiki salad, this dish is a mixture of tomatoes, cucumbers, onions, feta cheese, and Kalamata olives, dressed with olive oil and lemon juice. It’s a staple in Greek cuisine, and it can be enjoyed as a side dish or as a main course.
Octopus: a popular dish in the island of Greece, can be cooked in multiple ways, such as on a grill, in a stew or in a traditional recipe where it’s cooked for hours with wine and herbs.
Feta: one of the most popular and traditional Greek cheese, made from sheep’s milk or from a blend of sheep and goat’s milk. Used in many Greek dishes and salads.
Baklava: a sweet pastry made with layers of phyllo dough, chopped nuts, and honey or syrup. It’s a traditional dessert that is often served at special occasions and holidays.
These are just a few examples of the many delicious and unique dishes that can be found in Greek cuisine. Each region of Greece has its own specialties and variations, but these dishes are considered to be some of the most popular and well-known across the country. Greek cuisine is known for its use of fresh, locally-sourced ingredients and its healthy, Mediterranean-style cooking methods. The use of herbs and spices, along with the abundant use of olive oil, lemon and feta cheese as well as the popularity of seafood, are also key characteristics of Greek cuisine.
Greek dishes are also known for their strong emphasis on tradition and family. Many recipes and cooking techniques have been passed down through generations, and it’s not uncommon for families to gather together for meals and celebrations, enjoying each other’s company while savoring the delicious cuisine.
Where to Find the Best Traditional Food in Greece
Greece is known for its delicious cuisine, which is heavily influenced by the Mediterranean diet and the country’s rich culinary traditions. Some of the best food cities in Greece include:
Athens – The capital of Greece is home to a wide variety of traditional and modern restaurants, tavernas, and street food vendors. Some of the must-try dishes in Athens include souvlaki (grilled meat skewers), moussaka (a layered eggplant and meat casserole), and dolmades (stuffed grape leaves).
Thessaloniki – Known as the “food capital of Greece,” Thessaloniki offers a wide variety of dining options, from street food to high-end restaurants. Some of the local specialties to try include bougatsa (phyllo pastry filled with cream or meat), koulouri (a sesame seed-covered bread ring), and loukoumades (deep-fried dough balls drizzled with honey and cinnamon).
Crete – The island of Crete is known for its delicious seafood, as well as its traditional Cretan cuisine. Some of the must-try dishes include dakos (a traditional Cretan salad made with rusk bread, tomatoes, and feta cheese), apaki (smoked pork) and olives from Crete.
Santorini – The island of Santorini is known for its beautiful beaches and stunning views, but it’s also a great place to enjoy delicious food. Some of the local specialties to try include fava (a puree made from yellow split peas), tomato keftedes (tomato fritters), and the local white eggplant.
Mykonos – A popular tourist destination known for its nightlife, Mykonos also offers a wide variety of dining options, from seafood tavernas to high-end restaurants. Some of the must-try dishes include kopanisti (a spicy Mykonian cheese), Dolmades with local meat, and fresh fish.
These are just a few examples of the many great food cities in Greece. Each region has its own unique culinary traditions and specialties, so there’s something delicious to be found all over the country.
